The need for oil and natural gas as a major source of energy is vital. Building the kurdistan region of iraq the socioeconomic. Kurdistan region faces multiple environmental problems especially in environmental laws and how they are executed. The amount of water available per person has also dropped by more than half since the late 1970s, and the countrys main sources of surface waterthe tigris and the euphrates. Unraveling the oil geopolitics intertwined in the kurdish. Kurdistan iraq, gray has identified four threats to the future of iraq, which are, firstly, the creation and increase of ethnic sectarian warfare. International journal of engineering trends and technology ijett volume 4 issue 8 august 20. We undertake our work according to the principles enshrined in the iraqi constitution pdf, which states that oil and gas belongs to all the people of iraq in all the regions and governorates. Use of honeybees as bioindicators of environmental. Internal combustion engines resulting air pollution in which there is an emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases. Note that maps may not appear on the webpage in their full size and resolution. Kurdistan region of iraq 2020 ministry of planning, kurdistan region. In this second of two articles on kurdistan, gri examines the likely repercussions of an independent iraqi kurdistan. Result of survey about air pollution, water pollution, greens and parks satisfaction, light and noise pollution, etc.
Urban environmental problems in cities of the kurdistan region in iraq. Furthermore, the strategy has an implementation plan that includes several programs to protect and enhance the environment over the next five years. However, wqi depicts the composite influence of different water quality parameters and communicates water quality information to the public and legislative decision makers. We expect this summary document to be of interest to policymakers in the krg, as well as to a broad audience concerned with social and economic reform in the kri. Water quality index wqi was applied in dokan lake, kurdistan region, iraq using ten water quality parameters ph, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, sodium, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate and nitrite. Erbil kurdistan 24 officials in the kurdistan regions province of duhok warned on thursday that electric generators, industrial facilities, and the increasing. Cities in the kurdistan region in iraq particularly, the capital city of. Pdf environmental noise pollution in erbil city, iraq. Political instability, ethnic tensions, politically motivated decisions, wars and economic sanctions, consumerism, lack of sufficient funds, and tension between the federal and regional governments due to power and wealth. The kurdistan region of the republic of iraq kri is a constitutionally recognized semiautonomous region in northern iraq with a population of 5.
The national solid waste management plan nswmp for iraq was developed in 2007 by collaboration of international waste management specialist. Environmental legislation guides in kurdistan region nature iraq. Iraq percentage of population with sustainable access to. The kurdistan infrastructure has been damaged by many years of war, genocide and forced displacement at the hand of the previous iraqi regime. Quarries and the environment in the kurdistan region, iraq. Iraq political 2004 351k and pdf format 399k iraq political 1999 323k and pdf format 199k. It is the pollution caused by war activity, during development and testing of hardware, weapon systems and procedures, also during war operations and subsequent reconstruction, which need serious consideration to avoid gradual deterioration of the environment and in particular the quality and temperature of the air. Now a new government study, backed by the united nations and the world bank, has found that the country could be loosing between five to eight percent of its gdp to environmental degradation every year. Pollution issues in iraqi kurdistan region free download as pdf file. On the one hand, it has affected the political and economic equations at the international, regional and national level.
Outdoor air pollution is a mix of chemicals, particulate matter, and biological materials that react with each other to form tiny hazardous particles. This english version began as a direct translation, but over the course of 16 months, it has been extensively revised and. The kurdish regional constitution within the framework of the iraqi federal constitution. Kurdistan regional statistics organization through data collection, santa monica, calif rand corporation, rr293krg, 2014. Pdf pollution issues in iraqi kurdistan region researchgate. Iraqs continuing struggle with conflict pollution iraq. Urban environmental problems in cities of the kurdistan. Download free iraq mapsfree map downloadsfree world country map downloads. Ganjo2 1 school of agriculture soil and water science department, university of sulaimani, kurdistaniraq 1 school of marine science and engineering, university of plymouth plymouth pl4 8aa, uk.
Travel by car provides high levels of mobility, but it may also lead to congestion, pollution, and accidental injuries. The region is struggling to pay its public servants and its debts have reached the level of 14 billion us dollars. Like much of iraq, currently only a small fraction of erbils. Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index. Erbil, kurdistan region at a spot where the zei bchuk river flows out of dukan lake young boys dive into the cool waters to escape the summer heat, a few men are washing a car right on the.
The main quarries are those of limestone used for cement production, and they are of multiphases and are well designed. Water resources management in the kurdistan region of iraq. Pdf global warming and climate change, causes, impacts. Natural and drinking water quality in erbil, kurdistan article pdf available in current world environment 32. The main princples of sustaining the quality of water supply varies socially, politically, and culturally according to the locations and the beneficiaries. Air pollution, noise pollution, pollution due to the huge increase. A struggle for sovereignty, oil, ethnic identity, and the prospects for a. Quarries of different types and uses and quarried materials can be foundeverywhere in the kurdistan region, iraq. Kurdistan regional government, krg ministry of natural resources. Kurdistan officials warn of alarming levels of air pollution in duhok. Iraqi kurdistan, this research deals with a specific type of very dangerous pollution to the health and the environment which is represented by lead as a hazardous and poisonous matter. The kurdistan region encompasses most of iraqi kurdistan but excludes. Pollution issues in iraqi kurdistan region oil refinery pollution.
Air pollution modeling of the industrial complexes and cities in the kurdistan region using aermod view h. The uncompleted combustion of them causes to increase the. An independent kurdistan was, in fact, drawn into the treaty of sevres almost a century ago in 1920. Ipollution due to increasing numbers of vehicles in erbil city, indicating an increase in the volume of traffic by an amount of 10.
Spontaneous fires, groundwater contamination, surface water pollution and largescale greenhouse gas emissions have been the hallmarks of iraqi landfills. Application of water quality index for assessment of dokan. On the other hand, it has had negative effects on sociocultural, legal, and environmental aspects as well as on the physical and mental health of human beings. Air pollution modeling of the industrial complexes and. Water resources management in the kurdistan region of iraq a policy report by alessandro tinti 2017. But the devil will be in the details of how the longterm status of the krg gets resolved. Sustainable water management in iraq kurdistan as a. Use of honeybees as bioindicators of environmental pollution in the kurdistan province of iran amin sadeghi a. In particular the pollution of surface water and the rapid exhaustion of groundwater present an existential threat to the region. Soil pollution by the cement industry in the bazian. Pdf natural and drinking water quality in erbil, kurdistan. Other quarries are randomly located without any scientific aspects.
The kurdistan region of iraq kri is currently undergoing severe financial, economic, political and social crises. Pdf for the past fifteen years, rapid development and the increase of number of vehicles caused escalating of noise problems in erbil city the. Unfortunately, disagreements led to two separate administrations, one based in erbil and one in slemani. It contributes to breathing problems, chronic diseases, increased hospitalization, and premature mortality. From 1992 to 2003 we endured the double sanctions the world sanctioning iraq and iraq sanctioning the kurdistan regional government. For example, the former iraqi regime destroyed over 4000 villages in kurdistan. The impact of the independence of kurdistan global risk. Translators note revolution in rojava, the first full book to appear on the democratic, genderequal, cooperative revolution under way in northern syria, was originally published in german in march 2015 by vsa verlag. Baghdad and kurdistan highlighted concern over the impact of war on civilians living and working environments. Despite the fact that kurdistan region in particular and iraq in general legislate many laws, instructions. The national environmental strategy and action plan for.
Environmental pollution is the forefront issue throughout the worlds countries and considered to be a modern problem. Water quality index wqi is valuable and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term that is helpful for the selection of appropriate treatment technique to meet the concerned issues. Environmental legislation guides in kurdistan region iraq. The previous article made the case that this is a good time for a declaration of independence, and can be read here the secession of the kurdish autonomous region from the iraqi state increasingly appears to be a matter of when, not if. Monitor soil and water pollution levels transboundary cooperation. Review article water pollution, limnological investigations in kurdistan region and other part of iraq dana a. Chemical analysis of rainwater and study effect of vehicle. The pollution of air in the kurdistan region increases year by year due to industrialization, oil refining and vehicle emissions from burning fossil fuels as a source of energy which excretes nitrogen, sulphur and carbon into the atmosphere. Cultural issues of water supply relate to the customs and beliefs of, and naturally its impact. International journal of engineering trends and technology. According to nasa and ipcc, global temperature has increased by 1.
1299 1103 623 353 1379 567 1264 1653 1459 378 1259 1202 637 553 1636 674 1014 1555 664 1602 1607 634 630 419 1352 152 1414 548 1492 787 71 871 1485